The success of Luxembourg as a financial centre has been closely linked to the European Ucits Directive of 1985, allowing distribution of investment funds across borders. More recently, the AIFMD, the directive for alternative investments, has also played a crucial part in the development of the jurisdiction. But how the country responds to geopolitical and other challenges will be crucial to its future success. PWM speaks to representatives of the Luxembourg funds industry about plans for its expansion and recent fintech initiatives 

Sweeping reforms, cheap office space, a skilled workforce and a flexible regulator mean the Spanish capital is very much open for business

The threats of rising regulation, protectionism and Brexit uncertainty could all threaten the Isle of Man, but its diversified economy should prove resilient 

London’s potential estrangement from the European financial scene has seen rival European financial centres jostling for prime position in any Brexit fallout

Polish cities such as Warsaw have been digital pioneers, making the country attractive to start-ups and entrepreneurs. But there are worries the new nationalist government could increase restrictions

The uncertainty surrounding Brexit is making life uncomfortable for Jersey, particularly when it comes to immigration and marketing funds into the EU 

Although Guernsey’s fortunes are still linked to the UK, much of its recent success has come from diversifying into new markets

The turmoil thrown up by recent global events will impact financial centres on both sides of the Atlantic. While some sense an opportunity, others are planning for an uncertain future